The Daughters of the Prophet (ﷺ)

Abu Bakr bin Ubaidullah bin Anas bin Malik narrated [from Anas] that: "The Messenger of Allah said: "Whoever raises two girls then I and he will enter Paradise like these two. (And he indicated with his two fingers.)"" (At-Tirmidhi, 1914)

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was blessed with four daughters and three sons, all his children passed away during his lifetime except Fatima who died 6 months after the passing of the Prophet (ﷺ). Khadidja Bint Khuwaylid (RA) was the mother of the daughters of the Prophet (ﷺ). The Prophet (ﷺ) loved and adored his children and grandchildren.

Zaynab Bint Muhammad

Her father: The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)

Her mother: Khadijah Bint Khuwaylid

Her husband: Abu Al-As Ibn Rani

Her children: Ali Ibn Al-As and Umama Bint Al-As

• She was born in Makkah before the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) received the revelation and she was the eldest of the Prophet's daughters. 
• She married her maternal cousin. She became Muslim before her husband.
• Zaynab stayed in Makkah with her husband who was a non-believer when the Prophet (ﷺ) migrated to Madinah. Then later she migrated to Madinah after the Battle of Badr.
• She died in Madinah during the lifetime of the Prophet (ﷺ)

Hadith:

Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin: "When the people of Mecca sent about ransoming their prisoners Zaynab sent some property to ransom Abu Al-As, sending among it a necklace of hers which Khadijah had given to her when she married Abu Al-As. When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saw it, he felt great tenderness about it and said: If you consider that you should free her prisoner for her and return to her what belongs to her, (it will be well). They said: Yes. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) made an agreement with him that he should let Zaynab come to him, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent Zayd ibn Harithah and a man of the Ansar (the Helpers) and said: Wait in the valley of Yajij till Zaynab passes you, then you should accompany her and bring her back." (Abu Dawud, 2692)

Narrated Abu Qatadah: "We were sitting in the mosque when the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came upon us carrying Umamah daughter of Abu Al-As Ibn Rani. Her mother was Zaynab daughter of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). She (Umamah) was a child and he (the Prophet) was carrying her on his shoulder. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) led (the people) in prayer while she was on his shoulder. When he bowed, he put her down and took her up when he got up. He kept on doing so until he finished his prayer." (Abu Dawud, 918)

Umm Atiyya reported: "When Zainab the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) died, he said to us: Wash her odd number of times, i. e. three or five times, and put camphor or something-like camphor at the fifth time, and after you have washed her inform me. So, we informed him, and he gave us his under-garment, saying:" Put it next to her body." (Muslim, 939f)

Ruqayya Bint Muhammad

Her father: The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)

Her mother: Khadijah Bint Khuwaylid

Her first husband: Utba Ibn Abu Lahab

Her second husband: Uthman Ibn Affan

Her children: Abdullah Ibn Uthman Ibn Affan

• She was the second daughter of the Prophet (ﷺ)  and she was born before the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) received the revelation.
• She married Uthman Ibn Affan in Makkah, who was a wealthy and noble man after she divorced Utba Ibn Abu Lahab who was her first husband and one of her paternal cousins upon the request of his father, Abu Lahab. 
• She migrated with Uthman Ibn Affan to Abyssinia to escape the harassment and prosecution in Makkah and then they migrated to Madinah
• She died in Madinah while the Battle of Badr was taking place, and she was buried in Al-Baqi.

Hadith:

Narrated Ibn Umar: "Uthman did not join the Badr battle because he was married to one of the daughters of Allah's Apostle and she was ill. So, the Prophet (ﷺ) said to him. "You will get a reward and a share (from the war booty) similar to the reward and the share of one who has taken part in the Badr battle." (Bukhari, 3130)

Um Kulthum Bint Muhammad

Her father: The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)

Her mother: Khadijah Bint Khuwaylid

Her first husband: Utayba Ibn Abu Lahab

Her second husband: Uthman Ibn Affan

• She was born in Makkah before the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) received the revelation.
• She was married to her paternal cousin and her cousin divorce her under the pressure of his father.
• She was married to Uthman Ibn Affan after the death of her sister Ruqayya
• She died in Madinah during the lifetime of the Prophet (ﷺ)

Hadith:

Narrated Anas bin Malik: "We were (in the funeral procession) of one of the daughters of the Prophet (ﷺ) and he was sitting by the side of the grave. I saw his eyes shedding tears. He said, "Is there anyone among you who did not have sexual relations with his wife last night?" Abu Talha replied in the affirmative. And so, the Prophet told him to get down in the grave. And so, he got down in her grave." (Bukhari, 1285)

Fatima Bint Muhammad

Her father: The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)

Her mother: Khadijah Bint Khuwaylid

Her nickname: Al-Zahra, and The Mother of Her Father

Her husband: Ali Ibn Abu Talib

Her children: Al-Hasan Ibn Ali Ibn Abu Talib, Al-Hussein Ibn Ali Ibn Abu Talib, Zaynab Bint Ali Ibn Abu Talib, Um Kulthum Bint Ali Ibn Abu Talib

• She was born before the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) received the revelation and she was the youngest daughter of the Prophet (ﷺ)
• She accepted Islam along with her siblings and she migrated to Madinah
• She was the first prophet’s family member to die after his death
•  She was dear to the Prophet (ﷺ) and most beloved of the Prophet (ﷺ) and she look more like the Prophet (ﷺ) in appearance and character
• She was giving the glad tiding, that she will be the Lady of Paradise
• She died in Madinah, six months after the death of the Prophet (ﷺ) and she was buried at night

Hadiths:

It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn Masud who said: "While the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was saying his prayer near the Kaaba and Abu Jahl with his companions was sitting (nearby), Abu Jahl said, referring to the she-camel that had been slaughtered the previous day: Who will rise to fetch the fetus of the she-camel of so and so, and place it between the shoulders of Muhammad when he goes down in prostration (a posture in prayer). The one most accursed among the people got up, brought the fetus and, when the Prophet (ﷺ) went down in prostration, placed it between his shoulders. Then they laughed at him and some of them leaned upon the others with laughter. And I stood looking. If I had the power, I would have thrown it away from the back of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). The Prophet (ﷺ) had bent down his head in prostration and did not raise it, until a man went (to his house) and informed (his daughter) Fatima, who was a young girl (at that time) (about this ugly incident). She came and removed (the filthy thing) from him. Then she turned towards them, rebuking them (the mischief-mongers). When the Prophet (ﷺ) had finished his prayer, he invoked God's imprecations upon them in a loud voice. When he prayed, he prayed thrice, and when he asked for God's blessings, he asked thrice. Then he said thrice: O Allah, it is for Thee to deal with the Quraish. When they heard his voice, laughter vanished from them and they feared his malediction. Then he said: O God, it is for Thee to deal with Abu Jahl b. Hisham, Utba b. Rabi'a, Shaiba b. Rabi'a. Walid b. Uqba, Umayya b. Khalaf, Uqba b. Abu Mu'ait (and he mentioned the name of the seventh person. which I did not remember). By One Who sent Muhammad with truth, I saw (all) those he had named lying slain on the Day of Badr. Their dead bodies were dragged to be thrown into a pit near the battlefield." (Muslim, 1794a)

Narrated Abu Hazim: "The people differed about the type of treatment which had been given to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) on the day (of the battle) of Uhud. So they asked Sahl bin Sa`d As-Said who was the only surviving Companion (of the Prophet) at Medina. He replied, "Nobody Is left at Medina who knows it better than I. Fatima was washing the blood off his face and Ali was bringing water in his shield, and then a mat of date palm leaves was burnt and (the ash) was inserted into the wound."" (Bukhari, 5248)

Narrated Aisha: Mother of the Believers: "We, the wives of the Prophet (ﷺ) were all sitting with the Prophet (ﷺ) and none of us had left when Fatima came walking, and by Allah, her gait was very similar to that of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ).' When he saw her, he welcomed her, saying, "Welcome, O my daughter!" Then he made her sit on his right or his left, confided something to her, whereupon she wept bitterly. When he noticed her sorrow, he confided something else to her for the second time, and she started laughing. Only I from among the Prophet's wives said to her, "(O Fatima), Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) selected you from among us for the secret talk and still you weep?" When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) got up (and went away), I asked her, "What did he confide to you?" She said, "I wouldn't disclose the secrets of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)" But when he died I asked her, "I beseech you earnestly by what right I have on you, to tell me (that secret talk which the Prophet had with you)" She said, "As you ask me now, yes, (I will tell you)." She informed me, saying, "When he talked to me secretly the first time, he said that Gabriel used to review the Qur'an with him once every year. He added, 'But this year he reviewed it with me twice, and therefore I think that my time of death has approached. So, be afraid of Allah, and be patient, for I am the best predecessor for you (in the Hereafter).' " Fatima added, "So I wept as you (Aisha) witnessed. And when the Prophet (ﷺ) saw me in this sorrowful state, he confided the second secret to me saying, 'O Fatima! Will you not be pleased that you will be chief of all the believing women (or chief of the women of this nation i.e. my followers?")" (Bukhari, 6285, 6286)

Narrated Al-Miswar bin Makhrama: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Fatima is a part of me, and he who makes her angry, makes me angry." (Bukhari, 3714)

Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin: "I never saw anyone more like the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in respect of gravity, calm deportment, pleasant disposition - according to al-Hasan's version: in respect of talk and speech. Al-Hasan did not mention gravity, calm deportment, pleasant disposition - than Fatimah, may Allah honor her face. When she came to visit him (the Prophet) he got up to (welcome) her, took her by the hand, kissed her and made her sit where he was sitting; and when he went to visit her, she got up to (welcome) him, took him by the hand, kissed him, and made him sit where she was sitting." (Abu Dawud, 5217)

Narrated Ali: "Fatima complained of what she suffered from the hand mill and from grinding, when she got the news that some slave girls of the booty had been brought to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). She went to him to ask for a maidservant, but she could not find him and told Aisha of her need. When the Prophet (ﷺ) came, Aisha informed him of that. The Prophet (ﷺ) came to our house when we had gone to our beds. (On seeing the Prophet) we were going to get up, but he said, 'Keep at your places,' I felt the coolness of the Prophet's feet on my chest. Then he said, "Shall I tell you a thing which is better than what you asked me for? When you go to your beds, say: 'Allahu Akbar (i.e. Allah is Greater)' for 34 times, and 'Al hamdulillah (i.e. all the praises are for Allah)' for 33 times, and Subhan Allah (i.e. Glorified be Allah) for 33 times. This is better for you than what you have requested." (Bukhari, 3113)

Narrated Al-Miswar bin Makhrama: "Ali demanded the hand of the daughter of Abu Jahl. Fatima heard of this and went to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying, "Your people think that you do not become angry for the sake of your daughters as Ali is now going to marry the daughter of Abu Jahl. "On that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) got up and after his recitation of Tashah-hud. I heard him saying, "Then after! I married one of my daughters to Abu Al-As bin Al- Rabi (the husband of Zainab, the daughter of the Prophet (ﷺ)) before Islam and he proved truthful in whatever he said to me. No doubt, Fatima is a part of me, I hate to see her being troubled. By Allah, the daughter of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and the daughter of Allah's Enemy cannot be the wives of one man." So Ali gave up that engagement. Al-Miswar further said: I heard the Prophet (ﷺ) talking and he mentioned a son-in-law of his belonging to the tribe of Bani Abd-Shams. He highly praised him concerning that relationship and said (whenever) he spoke to me, he spoke the truth, and whenever he promised me, he fulfilled his promise." (Bukhari, 3729)

Narrated Ibn Umar: "Once the Prophet (ﷺ) went to the house of Fatima but did not enter it. Ali came and she told him about that. When Ali asked the Prophet (ﷺ) about it, he said, "I saw a (multicolored) decorated curtain on her door. I am not interested in worldly things." Ali went to Fatima and told her about it. Fatima said, "I am ready to dispense with it in the way he suggests." The Prophet (ﷺ) ordered her to send it to such-and such needy people." (Bukhari, 2613)

Narrated Anas: "When the ailment of the Prophet (ﷺ) got aggravated, he became unconscious whereupon Fatima said, "Oh, how distressed my father is!" He said, "Your father will have no more distress after today." When he expired, she said, "O Father! Who has responded to the call of the Lord Who has invited him! O Father, whose dwelling place is the Garden of Paradise (i.e. Al-Firdaus)! O Father! We convey this news (of your death) to Gabriel." When he was buried, Fatima said, "O Anas! Do you feel pleased to throw earth over Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)?" (Bukhari, 4462)

It was narrated by Ibn Abbas that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ drew four lines on the ground and said, "Do you know what this is?" They said, Allah and his Messenger know best. " Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The best of women among the people of Jannah are: (1) Khadījah b. Khuwaylid, (2) Fatimah b. Muḥammad, (3) ‘Āsiyah b. Muzāḥim, the wife of Pharaoh, and (4) Maryam daughter of ‘Imran." (Admed, 2668)

Narrated Aisha: "Fatima the daughter of the Prophet (ﷺ) sent someone to Abu Bakr (when he was a caliph), asking for her inheritance of what Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had left of the property bestowed on him by Allah from the Fai (i.e. booty gained without fighting) in Medina, and Fadak, and what remained of the Khumus of the Khaibar booty. On that, Abu Bakr said, "Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Our property is not inherited. Whatever we leave, is Sadaqa, but the family of (the Prophet) Muhammad can eat of this property.' By Allah, I will not make any change in the state of the Sadaqa of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and will leave it as it was during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and will dispose of it as Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) used to do." So, Abu Bakr refused to give anything of that to Fatima. So, she became angry with Abu Bakr and kept away from him, and did not talk to him till she died. She remained alive for six months after the death of the Prophet. When she died, her husband Ali, buried her at night without informing Abu Bakr and he said the funeral prayer by himself…” (Bukhari, 4240)